"Considering economic and environmental aspects, this study explored the potential of replacing urea imports in Jordan with local production utilizing green hydrogen, considering agricultural land distribution, fertilizer need, and hydrogen demand. The analysis estimated the 2023 urea imports at approximately 13,991.37 tons and evaluated the corresponding costs under various market scenarios. The cost of urea imports was projected to range between USD 6.30 million and USD 8.39 million; domestic production using green hydrogen would cost significantly more, ranging from USD 30.37 million to USD 70.85 million. Despite the economic challenges, transitioning to green hydrogen would achieve a 100% reduction in CO2 emissions, eliminating 48,739.87 tons of CO2 annually. Considering the Jordanian case, an SWOT analysis was conducted to highlight the potential transition strengths, such as environmental benefits and energy independence, alongside weaknesses, such as high initial costs and infrastructure gaps. A competitive analysis was conducted to determine the competition of green hydrogen-based ammonia compared to conventional methods. Further, the analysis identified opportunities, advancements in green hydrogen technology, and potential policy support. Threats were assessed considering global competition and market dynamics."

"Green hydrogen is gaining global momentum as a cornerstone of the energy transition. Its production, utilization, and trade require a robust regulatory framework to ensure safety, quality, and market access. This report examines international and regional regulations, standards, and guidelines relevant to green hydrogen, with particular emphasis on adapting them to the Jordan context. It synthesizes European Union (EU) directives, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, as well as U.S. and international best practices. It compares these regulations with Jordan’s current regulatory landscape. Drawing on the Draft National Green Hydrogen Strategy for Jordan (2023) and the World Bank’s 2025 policy note, this review identifies critical gaps, proposes an adaptation roadmap, and explores how Jordan can position itself as a regional and export-oriented hub."

"Threat modeling is a pivotal analytical procedure employed to specify the potential threats and select the appropriate security measures. It helps reduce the risk of cyber-attacks that may target several components of the cyber-physical power systems. Accordingly, identifying potential cyber threats and assessing their consequences is an imperative aspect of the supervision and monitoring of power systems. This paper presents a threat analysis scheme of a power system case study utilizing the STRIDE threat model methodology. The developed model addresses several attack and threat scenarios combined into an attack graph model. In terms of security measures, this paper introduces a Secure, Encrypted, Authenticated Communication Channel (SEAC2), which is a two-level encryption method to secure the communication layer. Further, this study introduces an open-source Digital Twin (DT) platform that enables a real-time comprehensive assessment of the system's energy dynamics. It also prioritizes threat detection as another crucial aspect. A real case study from the Jordanian electrical network has been utilized in this study to validate the proposed platform."

"This book offers an engaging introduction to green hydrogen and its role in changing the global energy landscape. It explains theoretical and practical aspects of the green hydrogen supply chain, including production, storage, transportation, and utilization, and explores the techno-economic aspects relevant to each stage. Through hands-on examples, readers understand how green hydrogen can be implemented across various applications. It explains Power-to-X technologies, which enable the conversion of green hydrogen into eco-friendly fuels and chemical feedstocks. Designed for students and researchers, this book simplifies complex concepts and provides a comprehensive understanding of green hydrogen's benefits. Key Features: Covers end-to-end the green hydrogen and Power-to-X technologies (PtX) supply chain. Provides a holistic and integrated approach of theoretical and practical knowledge utilizing examples and various case studies from around the world. Demonstrates the global potential of green hydrogen with sector-specific applications and case studies. Includes cutting-edge and recent developments in the green hydrogen landscape with clear visuals and technical explanations. Discusses forward-looking evaluations of Power-to-X technologies, hydrogen safety, and green hydrogen techno-economic aspects."

"While renewable energy deployment has accelerated in recent years, fossil fuels continue to play a dominant role in electricity generation worldwide. This necessitates the development of transitional strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from this sector while gradually reducing reliance on fossil fuels. This study investigates the potential of blending green hydrogen with natural gas as a transitional solution to decarbonize Jordan’s electricity sector. The research presents a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment evaluating the compatibility of the Arab Gas Pipeline and major power plants with hydrogen–natural gas mixtures, considering blending limits, energy needs, environmental impacts, and economic feasibility under Jordan’s 2030 energy scenario. The findings reveal that hydrogen blending between 5 and 20 percent can be technically achieved without major infrastructure modifications. The total hydrogen demand is estimated at 24.75 million kilograms per year, with a reduction of 152.7 thousand tons of carbon dioxide per annum. This requires 296,980 cubic meters of water per year, equivalent to only 0.1 percent of the National Water Carrier’s capacity, indicating a negligible impact on national water resources. Although technically and environmentally feasible, the project remains economically constrained, requiring a carbon price of $1835.8 per ton of carbon dioxide for economic neutrality."

"Green hydrogen has become more prevalent as a fundamental element for decarbonizing energy sectors, particularly in countries with abundant renewable resources. This review paper aims to investigate and explore the current status of green hydrogen production initiatives and their future vision, considering the country's remarkable advancements in renewable energy and its valuable location for exports. A comprehensive review of recent and ongoing projects on both local and global levels was presented, along with the renewable energy profile and water resources required for the electrolysis process. The study estimated the levelized cost of hydrogen per region, as well as the cost of desalinated seawater, and identified a suitable location in the kingdom based on renewable resources and land constraints, in line with recent memoranda of understanding by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Jordan’s green hydrogen LCOH ranges between $6.5-7.6/kg H₂, with desalinated water costs of $0.9/m³. The national strategy targets 0.5 Mt H₂ export by 2035, primarily for ammonia production and achieving a cost of $2-3/kg H₂ by 2050. A national certification scheme following EU carbon intensity standards (<3.4 kg CO₂/kg H₂) is under preparation."